2nd B. Theory part 3rd evaluation. IESO Ribera del Cega.

First aid. Concepts

1. Objective of first aid: The objective is to provide first aid before the emergency services arrive or to transfer the person to a health center. It can be of vital importance in severe cases, such as choking or heart failure because time is of the essence.

2. First aid accident. When you witness an accident, do not move the victim and if you wear a helmet do not take it off. You could aggravate a possible spinal injury. Keep it in mind and notify emergencies. If the person has suffered a fainting, check that he breathes and has a pulse before acting. If you suspect that he has suffered a heat stroke, put him in the shade and also check his vital signs. If you keep your constants place it on your side. If this is not the case, CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation) would be necessary.

3. Contusions and fractures: types and actions:

• Contusion

1. Apply local cold, without direct contact with the skin (wrapped in a cloth).

2. If it affects a limb, lift it.

3. In intense crushing, the affected area should be immobilized, as if it were a bone lesion.

• Sprain

1. Apply local cold.

2. Lift the affected limb and keep it at rest.

3. Do not move the affected joint.

• Luxation

1. Apply local cold.

2. Leave the joint as the limb is. Do not mobilize.

• Closed fracture

1. Apply local cold.

2. Do not touch the limb. Leave it at rest.

• Open fracture

1. Do not introduce the bone inside the limb.

2. Cover the wound with sterile gauze or clean cloths, preferably moistened.

3. Apply local cold.

4. Do not touch the limb. Leave it at rest.

4. Steps to evaluate emergency situation:

Assess the situation.Evaluate the area before jumping into action. If the scene is unsafe or becomes unsafe, get out immediately! Move the victim only if absolutely necessary. If a person is in contact with electricity DO NOT touch them until the source of electricity has been shut off.

Alert. Call 911 or activate the emergency action plan for your facility. It is very important that help can be dispatched as soon as possible.

Attend to the victim. Check for any life threatening conditions. Tap them on the shoulder and ask "are you OK?". If an unconscious person is face-down: roll face-up, supporting the head, neck and back in a straight line. Next, open the airway by gently tilting the head and lifting the chin. Place your ear around the victim's airway while looking at his/her chest for movement. Do this for no longer than 10 seconds. If the victim is not breathing, immediately begin CPR. If the victim is breathing, maintain an open airway and monitor for any changes in condition.

5. RCP:

CPR is a medical technique for reviving someone whose heart has stopped beating by pressing on their chest and breathing into their mouth. CPR is an abbreviation  for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

30 times pressing chest. 2 times breathing.