1st ESO. Theory part. 3rd evaluation. IESO Ribera del Cega

Theory First aid. Concepts

1. Objective of first aid: The objective is to provide first aid before the emergency services arrive or to transfer the person to a health center. It can be of vital importance in severe cases, such as choking or heart failure because time is of the essence.

2. First aid accident. When you witness an accident, do not move the victim and if you wear a helmet do not take it off. You could aggravate a possible spinal injury. Keep it in mind and notify emergencies. If the person has suffered a fainting, check that he breathes and has a pulse before acting. If you suspect that he has suffered a heat stroke, put him in the shade and also check his vital signs. If you keep your constants place it on your side. If this is not the case, CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation) would be necessary.

3. Basic steps to AAA (Assess, alert and attend)

3.1. Check the victim for unresponsiveness If the person is not responsive and not breathing or not breathing normally. Call 911 and return to the victim. If possible bring the phone next to the person and place on speaker mode. In most locations the emergency dispatcher can assist you with CPR instructions.

3.2. Pump If the victim is still not breathing normally, or moving, begin chest compressions. Push down in the center of the chest 2-2.4 inches 30 times. Pump hard and fast at the rate of 100-120/minute, faster than once per second.

3.3. Blow Tilt the head back and lift the chin. Pinch nose and cover the mouth with yours and blow until you see the chest rise. Give 2 breaths. Each breath should take 1 second. 30 Pumps, 2 breaths.

4. Contusions and fractures: types and actions:

• Contusion

1. Apply local cold, without direct contact with the skin (wrapped in a cloth).

2. If it affects a limb, lift it.

3. In intense crushing, the affected area should be immobilized, as if it were a bone lesion.

• Sprain

1. Apply local cold.

2. Lift the affected limb and keep it at rest.

3. Do not move the affected joint.

• Luxation

1. Apply local cold.

2. Leave the joint as the limb is. Do not mobilize.

• Closed fracture

1. Apply local cold.

2. Do not touch the limb. Leave it at rest.

• Open fracture

1. Do not introduce the bone inside the limb.

2. Cover the wound with sterile gauze or clean cloths, preferably moistened.

3. Apply local cold.

4. Do not touch the limb. Leave it at rest.

5. Vocabulary:

Limb = herida Luxation = luxación Joint = articulación

Sprain = fractura Contusions = contusiones Fracture = fractura

CPR = reanimación cardiopulmonar Sprain = esguince AAA =Asegurar, alertar y asistir

First aid: primeros auxilios Breath = respiración Pump = compresiones