LA VAGUADA. 2nd ESO. Theory 1st Evaluation.

1. Basketball

1.1 Object of the game:

The object of basketball is to throw the ball (basketball) into a hoop to score points. 

At the end of the game the team with the most points is declared the winner.

1.2 Vocabulary:

Mid-court = medio campo           Baseline = línea de fondo        Side-line = línea de banda

Bounce = bote                  Dribbling = conducción de balón    Throw to hoop = lanzamiento al aro

1.3 General rules: 

1. Two teams of five players each try to score by shooting a ball through a hoop elevated 10 feet above the ground. 

2. The game is played on a rectangular floor called the court, and there is a hoop at each end. 

3. The court is divided into two main sections by the mid-court line. 
4. Although the foul rule is described above as a defensive rule, it applies exactly the same 
to all players on the court including offensive players.
5. Basketball players cannot kick the ball or hit it with their feet.
6. Every player on the court is subject to the same rules regardless of the position they play.
The positions in basketball are just for team basketball strategy and there are no positions 
in the rules.

1.4 Defensive Rules:

The team on defense is the team without the basketball.
1) The main rule for the defensive player is not to foul. 
A foul is described as gaining an unfair advantage through physical contact. 
There is some interpretation that has to be made by the referee, but, in general, 
the defensive player may not touch the offensive player in a way that causes 
the offensive player to lose the ball or miss a shot.

1.5 Main fouls:

Charging. An offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or runs over a defensive player. The ball is given to the team that the foul was committed upon.
Blocking. Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not establishing position in time to prevent an opponent's drive to the basket.
Flagrant foul. Violent contact with an opponent. This includes hitting, kicking, and punching. This type of foul results in free throws plus the offense retaining possession of the ball after the free throws.

2. Concepts:

Endurance: (Stamina) The capacity to keep the physical and/or mental strength doing an effort the maximum time without reduce the intensity.

Strength:The capacity to overcome or opposite external loads.The maximum amount of force that a muscle or muscle group can exert during a single contraction.

Flexibility is defined as the range of motion of your joints or the ability of your joints to move freely.

Speed: The capacity to run a short distance in the mínimum time without losing intensity.

Agility: The ability to change the position of the body quickly and accurately.

Heart rate zones:

-Maximun: 220 – age.

-Healthy zone = Less than 75% of the maximun.

-Minimun to produce some adaptación: 60% of the maximun.