First
aid. Concepts
1.
Objective of first aid: The
objective is to provide first aid before the emergency services
arrive or to transfer the person to a health center. It can be of
vital importance in severe cases, such as choking or heart failure
because time is of the essence.
2.
First aid accident.
When you witness an accident, do not move the victim and if you wear
a helmet do not take it off. You could aggravate a possible spinal
injury. Keep it in mind and notify emergencies. If the person has
suffered a fainting, check that he breathes and has a pulse before
acting. If you suspect that he has suffered a heat stroke, put him in
the shade and also check his vital signs. If you keep your constants
place it on your side. If this is not the case, CPR (cardio-pulmonary
resuscitation) would be necessary.
3.
Contusions and fractures: types and actions:
• Contusion
1.
Apply local cold, without direct contact with the skin (wrapped in a
cloth).
2.
If it affects a limb, lift it.
3.
In intense crushing, the affected area should be immobilized, as if
it were a bone lesion.
• Sprain
1.
Apply local cold.
2.
Lift the affected limb and keep it at rest.
3.
Do not move the affected joint.
• Luxation
1.
Apply local cold.
2.
Leave the joint as the limb is. Do not mobilize.
• Closed
fracture
1.
Apply local cold.
2.
Do not touch the limb. Leave it at rest.
• Open
fracture
1.
Do not introduce the bone inside the limb.
2.
Cover the wound with sterile gauze or clean cloths, preferably
moistened.
3.
Apply local cold.
4.
Do not touch the limb. Leave it at rest.
4.
Steps to evaluate emergency situation:
Assess
the situation.Evaluate
the area before jumping into action. If the scene is unsafe or
becomes unsafe, get out immediately! Move the victim only if
absolutely necessary. If a person is in contact with electricity DO
NOT touch them until the source of electricity has been shut off.
Alert.
Call
911 or activate the emergency action plan for your facility. It is
very important that help can be dispatched as soon as possible.
Attend
to the victim.
Check
for any life threatening conditions. Tap them on the shoulder and ask
"are you OK?". If an unconscious person is face-down: roll
face-up, supporting the head, neck and back in a straight line. Next,
open the airway by gently tilting the head and lifting the chin.
Place your ear around the victim's airway while looking at his/her
chest for movement. Do this for no longer than 10 seconds. If the
victim is not breathing, immediately begin CPR. If the victim is
breathing, maintain an open airway and monitor for any changes in
condition.
5.
RCP:
CPR
is
a
medical technique
for
reviving
someone
whose
heart
has
stopped
beating
by pressing on
their chest
and breathing
into
their mouth. CPR
is
an abbreviation for
cardiopulmonary
resuscitation.
30
times pressing chest. 2 times breathing.